ข้อสอบ CU-TEP Reading Comprehension
Test 1
It’s an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that ….1…. evening you’re burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, …2… are throwing the books at kids. Even elementary school students are complaining of homework ….3…… What’s a well-meaning parent to do?
As hard as it may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you’ve got to get them to do it, by helping too much, or even examining ………4……… too carefully, you may keep them from doing it by themselves. “I wouldn’t advise a parent to check every ………5…….. assignment,” says psychologist, John Raymond, author Of Ending the Tough Homework. “There’s a ………6……… of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children ………7…….. the grade they deserve.”
Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their ……..8…….. but “you don’t want them to feel it has to be ……..9………,” he says.
That’s not to say parents should ………10…….. homework – first, they should monitor how much homework their kids ……….11…….. Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in ………12…….. four, five and six is standard, says Raymond. For junior-high students it should be “….13….. more than an hour and a half,” and two for high-school students. If your child ….14…. has more homework than this, you may want to check with other parents and then talk to the teacher about……15…… assignment
| 1. | A. very | B. exact | C. right | D. usual |
| 2. | A. officials | B. parents | C. experts | D. schools |
| 3. | A. fatigue | B. confusion | C. duty | D. puzzle |
| 4. | A. questions | B. answers | C. standards | D. rules |
| 5. | A. single | B. piece | C. page | D. other |
| 6. | A. drop | B. short | C. cut | D. lack |
| 7. | A. acquire | B. earn | C. gather | D. reach |
| 8. | A. exercises | B. defects | C. mistakes | D. tests |
| 9. | A. perfect | B. better | C. unusual | D. complete |
| 10. | A. forget | B. refuse | C. miss | D. ignore |
| 11. | A. have | B. prepare | C. make | D. perform |
| 12. | A. classes | B. groups | C. grades | D. terms |
| 13. | A. about | B. no | C. much | D. few |
| 14. | A. previously | B. rarely | C. merely | D. consistently |
| 15. | A. finishing | B. lowering | C. reducing | D. declining |
Popular architecture in the United States in the beginning of the twentieth century paid respect to elaborately ornate historical motifs. The new skyscrapers sprouting up at the time were often ornately finished with elements of Gothic or Roman detailing.
During this period of emphasis on intricate ornamentation, certain architects began moving in a different direction, from the historic attention to ornate detailing toward more modern design typified by simplified flowing lines. Frank Lloyd Wright, the best known of these early modern architects, started work in Chicago designing “prairie houses,” long low buildings featuring flowing horizontal lines and simplistic unity of design. These buildings were intended to fit the wide open expanses of Midwest plains that served as a setting for Chicago. These “prairie houses,” found in Chicago’s suburban areas, served to tie the rapidly developing neighborhoods of Chicago with its plains heritage.
16. What is the main idea of this passage?
(A) The architectural style of Frank Lloyd Wright represented a change from earlier styles.
(B) Architecture in the twentieth century was very ornate.
(C) Frank Lloyd Wright’s architecture was more elaborate than previous styles.
(D) Frank Lloyd Wright’s “prairie houses” were well-known in Chicago.
17. According to the passage, the new skyscrapers built at the beginning of the twentieth century were
| (A) elementary | (C) in a very modern style |
| (B) elaborately ornamented | (D) completely Gothic |
18. Which of the following statements about Frank Lloyd Wright is supported in the passage?
(A) He was extremely popular prior to the twentieth century.
(B) He used elements of Gothic and Roman detailing in his work.
(C) His architectural style can be seen in Chicago’s skyscrapers.
(D) His “prairie houses” were very different from the elaborately ornamented skyscrapers.
19. The “prairie houses” built by Frank Lloyd Wright were
| (A) ornately detailed | (C) skyscrapers |
| (B) built in the Roman style | (D) long, flowing, and simple |
20. According to the passage, how do Frank Lloyd Wright’s “prairie houses” resemble the prairies around Chicago?
(A) They were covered with grass.
(B) They were rapidly developing.
(C) They were long and low.
(D) They were in Chicago.
In the American colonies there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins and it did not allow the colonies to make their own coins, except for the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins. England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade: America was forced to trade only with England if it did not have the money to buy products from other countries. The result during this pre-revolutionary period was that the colonists used various goods in place of money: beaver pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used as substitutes for money. The colonists also made use of any foreign coins they could obtain. Dutch, Spanish, French, and English coins were all in use in the American colonies .
During the Revolutionary War, funds were needed to finance the war, so each of the individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money. So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the war it was virtually worthless. As a result, trade in goods and the use of foreign coins still flourished .
By the time the Revolutionary War had been won by the American colonists, the monetary system was in a state of total disarray. To remedy this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money. The individual states could no longer have their own money supply. A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official currency of the United States and put the country on a bimetallic standard. In this bimetallic system, both gold and silver were legal money, and the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one .
21.This passage mainly discusses
(A) American money from past to present
(B) The English monetary policies in colonial America
(C) The effect of the Revolution on American money
(D) The American monetary system of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
22.The passage indicates that during the colonial period, money was
| (A) supplied by England | (C) scarce |
| (B) coined freely by the colonists | (D) used extensively for trade |
23.The Massachusetts Bay Colony was allowed to make coins
(A) continuously from the inception of the colony
(B) throughout the seventeenth century
(C) from 1652 until the Revolutionary War
(D) for a short time during one year
24.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a substitute for money during the colonial period?
| (A) Wampum | (C) Tobacco |
| (B) Cotton | (D) Beaver furs |
25.According to the passage, what happened to the American monetary system during the Revolutionary War ?
(A) The Continental Congress issued gold and silver coins.
(B) Individual states were not allowed to issue money.
(C) So much paper money was circulated that it lost its value.
(D) American money replaced trade in goods and foreign coins.
26.How was the monetary system arranged in the Constitution?
(A) Only the U.S. Congress could issue money.
(B) The U.S. officially went on a bimetallic monetary system.
(C) Various state governments, including Massachusetts, could issue money.
(D) The dollar was made the official currency of the U.S.
27.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the bimetallic monetary system?
(A) Either gold or silver could be used as official money.
(B) Gold could be exchanged for silver at a rate of 16 to 1.
(C) The monetary system was based on two metals.
(D) It was established in 1792.
Louisa May Alcott, an American author best known for her children’s books Little Women, Little Men, and Jo’s Boys, was profoundly influenced by her family, particularly her father. She was the daughter of Bronson Alcott, a well-known teacher, intellectual, and free thinker who advocated abolitionism, women’s rights, and vegetarianism long before they were popular. He was called a man of unparalleled intellect by his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson. Bronson Alcott instilled in his daughter his lofty and spiritual values and in return was idolized by his daughter. Louisa used her father as a model for the impractical yet serenely wise and adored father in Little Women, and with the success of this novel she was able to provide for her family, giving her father the financial security that until then he had never experienced .
28. This passage mainly discusses
(A) Louisa May Alcott’s famous books
(B) how Bronson Alcott implemented his educational philosophies
(C) the success of Little Women
(D) Bronson Alcott’s influence on his daughter
29.The passage implies that vegetarianism
(A) was more popular than abolitionism
(B) was the reason for Louisa’s adoration for her father
(C) became popular in a later period
(D) was one of the reasons for Bronson Alcott’s unparalleled intellect
30. In line 6, the word “lofty” is closest in meaning to
| (A) commonplace | (C) self-serving |
| (B) high-minded | (D) sympathetic |
31. It can be inferred from the passage that Louisa May Alcott used the success of Little Women to
(A) buy herself anything she had ever wanted
(B) achieve personal financial security
(C) give her father tangible proof of her love
(D) detach herself from her family
32. The author’s purpose in the passage is to
(A) explain how an author becomes famous
(B) describe the influence of family on a writer
(C) support Bronson Alcott’s educational theories
(D) show the success that can be achieved by an author
The brain of the average human weighs approximately 14 kilograms and consists of three main parts-the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. The cerebrum is by far the largest of the three parts, taking up 85% of the brain by weight. The outside layer of the cerebrum, the cerebral cortex, is a grooved and bumpy surface covering the nerve cells beneath. The various sections of the cerebrum are the sensory cortex, which is responsible for receiving and decoding sensory messages from throughout the body; the motor cortex, which sends action instructions to the skeletal muscles; and the association cortex, which receives, monitors, and processes information, It is in the association cortex that the processes that allow humans to think take place. The cerebellum, located below t he cerebrum in the back part of the skull, is the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It controls various body processes such as breathing and heartbeating .
33. What is the author’s main purpose ?
(A) To describe the function of the parts of the brain
(B) To explain how the brain processes information
(C) To demonstrate the physical composition of the brain
(D) To give examples of human body functions.
34. The passage states that the most massive part of the brain is the…..
| (A) cerebrum | (C) cerebral cortex |
| (B) cerebellum | (D) brain stem |
35. How does the passage describe the appearance of the cerebral cortex?
| (A) As smooth | (C) As a layer of the cerebellum |
| (B) As 85% of the brain by weight | (D) As ridged |
36. According to the passage, which part of the brain analyzes information ?
| (A) The sensory cortex | (C) The cerebellum |
| (B) The association cortex | (D) The brain stem |
37. The sensory cortex…….
(A) senses that messages should be sent out to the muscles
(B) provides a surface covering for nerve cells
(C) is where the human process of thinking occurs
(D) receives and processes information from the senses
38. Which of the following is true about the cerebellum?
(A) It is located above the cerebrum.
(B) It controls breathings.
(C) It is responsible for balance.
(D) It is the outside layer of the cerebrum.
39. What shape does the brain stem most likely have?
| (A) Small and round | (C) Large and formless |
| (B) Long and thin | (D) Short and flat |
The next famous woman writer to be considered is Dorothy Parker, an American poet, short story writer, and literary critic who became famous in the early twentieth century for her witty but cynical observations on life. She got her first paying job as a writer in 1916 at the age of 23 when she began working for a woman’s magazine, and nine years later she became a contributor to The New Yorker as a book reviewer .
In addition to her magazine work, she published volumes of poetry and short stories with the recurrent themes of disappointment with life and the loss of idealism. One of her most famous observations, “Men seldom make passes at girls who wear glasses,” came from the poem “News Item,” which was published in the volume “Enough Rope” (1926). This volume of poetry was followed by “Sunset Gin” (1928), “Death and Taxes” (1931), and a collection of short stories “Here Lies” (1939) .
40. According to the passage, Dorothy Parker as NOT famous for…….
| (A) poetry | (C) book reviews |
| (B) humor | (D) autobiography |
41. Dorothy Parker’s first job was……..
| (A) for a women’s magazine | (C) for The New Yorker |
| (B) as a literary critic | (D) as a short story writer |
42. In line 7, the word “recurrent” could best be replaced by which of the following ?
| (A) Related | (C) Flowing |
| (B) Repeated | (D) Negative |
43. In what year did “News Item” appear ?
| (A) 1916 | (C) 1928 |
| (B) 1926 | (D) 1931 |
44. With what topic does the paragraph preceding the passage most likely deal ?
(A) Dorothy Parker’s early childhood
(B) American literature of the nineteenth century
(C) An introduction to literary criticism
(D) A well-known female author other than Dorothy Parker
Desert tundra, or cold desert, occurs on the Arctic edges of North America, Europe, and Asia. In these areas the near eternal freezing temperatures cause an environment in which plant life is virtually impossible. The existence of ice rather than water for the majority of the year means that vegetation lacks sufficient moisture for growth. During the short period of time when the temperature increases enough for the ice to melt, there is generally a large volume of water. This excess of water, coupled with a lack of drainage through the frozen subsoil, does not allow vegetation to flourish .
45. What would be the most appropriate title for the passage ?
(A) Dorothy Parker’s early childhood
(B) The Weather in the Arctic
(C) Why Cold Deserts Occur
(D) The Variety of Plant Life in Desert Tundra
46. According to the passage, desert tundra in found
(A) throughout North America, Europe, and Asia
(B) in Antarctica
(C) on the Arctic borders of the northern continents
(D) at the North Pole
47. According to the passage, what makes plant life almost impossible in areas of desert tundra during most of the year ?
(A) Excessive water on the plants
(B) The frozen state of the water
(C) The increase in temperature
(D) The lack of ice
48. What would be the most appropriate title for the passage ?
(A) Plants can flourish.
(B) Vegetation lacks sufficient moisture.
(C) The days become shorter.
(D) There is too much water.
49. According to the passage, why can’t the water drain after it melts ?
(A) The land beneath the surface is still frozen.
(B) The temperature is too high.
(C) The period of time is too short.
(D) The vegetation is flourishing.
It is the role of the Federal Reserve, known simply as the Fed, to control the supply of money in the U.S. through its system of twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks, each with its own Federal Reserve District Bank. Many commercial banks belong to the Federal Reserve System and as members must follow the Fed’s reserve requirements, a ruling by the Fed on the percentage of deposits that a member bank must keep either in its own vaults or on deposit at the Fed. If the Fed wants to change the money supply, it can change reserve requirements to member banks; for example, an increase in the percentage of deposits required to be kept on hand would reduce the available money supply. Member banks can also borrow money from the Fed, and an additional way that the Fed can control the money supply is to raise or lower the discount rate, the interest rate at which commercial banks borrow from the Fed. An increase in the discount rate would reduce the funds available to commercial banks and thus shrink the money supply, the Fed has an additional powerful tool: open-market operations.
50. According to the passage, the main purpose of the Federal Reserve System is to
(A) increase reserve requirements
(B) increase or decrease the amount of money available
(C) increase the number of Federal Reserve Banks
(D) increase the money kept on deposit by member banks
51. When the Fed controls the percentage of deposits kept on hand by member banks.It controls ….
(A) district banks
(B) the discount rate
(C) the reserve requirement
(D) borrowing by commercial banks
52. The passage implies that a lowering of the discount rate would lead to
(A) an increase in the money supply
(B) a decrease in borrowing from the Fed by commercial banks
(C) a decrease in the money available
(D) an increase in the reserve requirement
53. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses
(A) the need for controlling the money supply
(B) the structure of the Federal Reserve System
(C) recent changes in reserve requirements
(D) open-market purchases and sales
Fog occurs when damp air above the surface of the earth is cooled to the point at which it condenses .
Of the two types of fog, advection fog occurs along the ocean coast or near rivers or lakes. This type of fast-moving fog, which may cover vast areas, occurs when warm winds blow across a cold surface of land or water. In this collision of heat and cold, the warm air is cooled to the point at which the water vapor condenses into fog. Radiation fog, quite different from advection fog, is immobile cloud-like moisture generally found hovering over wintertime valleys. It occurs on clear nights when the earth’s warmth escapes into the upper atmosphere .
54. According to the passage, fog is found when wetness in the air is
(A) vaporized
(B) dampened
(C) cooled
(D) heated
55. According to the passage, advection fog is found
(A) in valleys
(B) in the ocean
(C) near bodies of water
(D) only in small, enclosed areas
56. In the passage, radiation fog is said to be
(A) similar to advection fog
(B) found in coastal areas
(C) fast-moving
(D) trapped moisture hanging over inland valleys
57. According to the passage, which of the following statements about fog is true ?
(A) Advection fog is caused when cold winds blow across a heated land surface.
(B) Advection fog is the type of fog that occurs in small valleys on clear nights.
(C) Radiation fog occurs when the cooled atmosphere meets with heat from the earth.
(D) Radiation fog generally moves quickly across vast areas of land.
58. The author’s purpose in this passage is to
(A) explain the different types of fog
(B) describe where different types of fog are found
(C) discuss advection fog
(D) give a scientific description of various types of precipitation
เฉลย CU-TEP reading
Cloze Test
1. a. very — very evening = ในเย็นนั้นเอง
2. b. school — โรงเรียนเป็นคนสั่งการบ้าน (โยนหนังสือ) ให้เด็ก
3. c. duty — เด็กต้องรับภาระการบ้าน (homeworkduty)
4. b. answers –การช่วยลูกมากเกินไปหรือตรวจทุกคำตอบจะทำให้เด็กไม่ได้ทำการบ้านเอง
5. a. single — single แปลว่า “เดี่ยว” single assignment ช่วยเน้นให้เห็นว่า ตรวจดูทุกงานแต่ละชิ้นจริงๆ
6. a. drop — drop of appreciation เราใช้คำนี้ หมายถึง รสชาติของความซาบซึ้งใจ คือให้เด็กได้รับรู้รสชาติของการลองผิดลองถูก
7. b. earn — ได้รับ ใช้กับเกรด หรือเงิน
8. c. mistake — พ่อแม่ควรให้ลูกได้ทบทวนข้อผิดพลาด( mistake)ใหม่
9. a. perfect –พ่อแม่ต้องไม่ทำให้ลูกรู้สึกว่าทุกอย่างต้องออกมาสมบูรณ์แบบ
10. d. ignore — แต่ถึงกระนั้นก็ไม่ใช่ว่าให้พ่อแม่ละเลยการบ้านของลูก
11. a. have –พ่อแม่ควรดูว่าลูกมีการบ้านเท่าไหร่
12. c. grade –grade four = ป.4
13. b. no — สำหรับชั้นมัธยมต้นควรทำการบ้านไม่เกิน1 ชั่วโมงครึ่ง (no more than)
14. d. consistently — ถ้าลูกใช้เวลาทำการบ้านมากกว่านี้อยู่เสมอๆ
15. c. reducing– ให้ปรึกษาผู้ปกครองคนอื่นและคุยกับครูเกี่ยวกับการลดการบ้าน Reading Comprehension
16. a. The architectural style of Frank Lloyd Wright represented a change from earlier styles.
เรื่องราวพูดถึงสถาปัตยกรรมในศตวรรษที่ 20 ซึ่งมีการเปลี่ยนแนวจากงานแบบละเอียดหรูหรา มาเป็นเรียบง่าย โดยยกตัวอย่างของแฟรงค์
ข้อ b ผิดเพราะ งานในศตวรรษที่ 20 มีทั้งแบบหรู (ornate)และแบบเรียบง่ายของแฟรงค์
ข้อ c ผิด เพราะ งานของแฟรงค์ไม่ได้ละเอียด (elaborate)กว่างานสไตล์เก่า แต่เรียบง่ายกว่า รายละเอียดน้อยกว่า
ข้อ d ผิด เพราะ แคบเกินไป
17. b. elaborately ornamented ดูจาก “The new skyscrapers sprouting up at the time were often ornately finished with elements of Gothic or Roman detailing.” แปลว่า ตึกระฟ้าที่เกิดขึ้นในช่วงนั้นจะตกแต่งอย่างหรูหราด้วยสไตล์ดกธิค หรือก็โรมัน
18. d. His “prairie houses” were very different from the elaborately ornamented skyscrapers.ถูกต้องแน่นอนเพราะ prairies house เป็นงานที่เรียบง่าย ต่างจากตึกระฟ้าหรูหรา
19. d. long, flowing, and simpleดูจาก “Frank Lloyd Wright, the best known of these early modern architects, started work in Chicago designing “prairie houses,” long low buildings featuring flowing horizontal lines and simplistic unity of design.”
แฟรงค์ ลอยด์ ไรท์ เป็นสถาปนิกยุคต้นสมัยใหม่ที่เป็นที่รู้จักดีที่สุด เขาเริ่มทำงานที่ชิคาโก้ โดยการออกแบบ prairie houses เป็นอาคารเตี้ย ยาว ที่เข้ากับเส้นแนวนอนและการออกแบบที่เรียบง่ายและมีเอกภาพ
20. c.they were long and low –ดูจาก “These buildings were intended to fit the wide open expanses of Midwest plains that served as a setting for Chicago.” อาคารเหล่านี้ถูกตั้งใจให้รับกับที่ราบกว้างใหญ่ของที่ราบ Midwest ที่เป็นฉากให้เมืองชิคาโก้
21. d. The American monetary system of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries ดูจากเนื้อเรื่องมีการกล่าวถึงปี 1652 (ศตวรรษที่ 17) และปี 1789 (ศตวรรษที่ 18)
22. c. scarceดูจาก “In the American colonies there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins and it did not allow the colonies to make their own coins.” ในอเมริกา เงินนั้นมีน้อย อังกฤษไม่ยอมให้เงินเหรียญแก่อาณานิคม และไม่อนุญาตให้อาณานิคมผลิตเหรียญใช้เอง
23. d. for a short time during one year ดูจาก “the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins.” อาณานิคม Massachusetts Bay ได้รับอนุญาตให้ผลิตเหรียญเงินหลายประเภทเป็นเวลาสั้นๆในปี 1652
24. b. cotton ดูจาก “beaver pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used as substitutes for money.” ไม่มี cotton
25. c. So much paper money was circulated that it lost its value.มีการพิมพ์เงินมากเกินไปจนไม่มีค่า ดูจาก ย่อหน้าที่ 2 ที่พูดเรื่องสงครามปฏิวัติ ใจความมีว่า “อเมริกาต้องการเงินมาทำสงคราม ดังนั้นรัฐเดี่ยวๆทั้งหลายและสภาคองเกรสจึงออกธนบัตร แต่ว่าธนบัตรถูกพิมพ์ออกมามากจนสูญค่า ทำให้การแลกเปลี่ยนด้วยเหรียญต่างชาติยังคงใช้กันอย่างแพร่หลายอยู่”
26. a. Only the U.S. Congress could issue money ดูจาก “Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money.” ต้องไม่สับสนกับ Coinage Act(พรบ. เหรียญกษาปณ์) ซึ่งเป็นกฎหมายอีกฉบับ ที่พูดเรื่องระบบโลหะในการใช้ผลิตเหรียญ และอัตราการแลกเปลี่ยน
27. b. Gold could be exchanged for silver at a rate of 16 to 1 ผิด ต้องแก้เป็น 1 ต่อ 16 ดูจาก “the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one.”
28. d. Bronson Alcott’s influence on his daughterบทความนี้พูดถึงอิทธิพลที่พ่อมีต่อลูกสาวที่เป็นนักเขียน จะสังเกตเห็นว่ามีหลายประโยคที่เน้นประเด็นนี้ เช่น
“Louisa May Alcott, an American author best known for her children’s books Little Women, Little Men, and Jo’s Boys, was profoundly influenced by her family, particularly her father.”
“Bronson Alcott instilled in his daughter his lofty and spiritual values and in return was idolized by his daughter.”
“Louisa used her father as a model for the impractical yet serenely wise and adored father in Little Women.”
29. c. became popular in a later period ดูจาก “She was the daughter of Bronson Alcott, a well-known teacher, intellectual, and free thinker who advocated abolitionism, women’s rights, and vegetarianism long before they were popular.”
30. b. high-minded — lofty แปลว่า สูงส่ง
31. c. give her father tangible proof of her loveคำว่า tangible = จับต้องได้
ดูจาก “with the success of this novel she was able to provide for her family, giving her father the financial security that until then he had never experienced.” เธอได้ให้ความมั่นคงทางการเงินแก่พ่อ ซึ่งก่อนหน้านั้นพ่อไม่เคยได้สัมผัสเลย(คำว่า experience= ประสบทำให้เรารู้ว่าของที่เธอมอบให้พ่อนั้น tangible เพราะว่าจับต้องได้ ประสบได้)
32. b. describe the influence of family on a writer ข้อนี้สังเกตดีๆ คำถามจะเหมือนกับข้อ 28 ดังนั้นเราจึงตอบประเด็นเดียวกัน
33. a. To describe the function of the parts of the brain เมื่ออ่านไปแล้วจะพบว่า เป็นการอธิบายส่วนต่างๆของสมองและบอกว่ามันทำหน้าที่อย่างไร “The brain of the average human weighs approximately 14 kilograms and consists of three main parts-the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.”
34. a. cerebrumดูจาก“The cerebrum is by far the largest of the three parts”
35. d. As ridged = เป็นหยักๆ ดูจาก “the cerebral cortex, is a grooved and bumpy(= ridged) surface”
36. b. The association cortex ดูจาก “and the association cortex, which receives, monitors, and processes information.”
37. d. receives and processes information from the sensesดูจาก “sensory cortex, which is responsible for receiving and decoding sensory messages from throughout the body”
38. c. It is located above the cerebrum.ดูจาก “cerebellum, located below the cerebrum in the back part of the skull”
39. b. long and thin — brain stem = ก้านสมอง ดังนั้นสิ่งที่เป็นก้าน ก็ต้องยาวๆและผอมๆ
40. d. humor ดูจาก “who became famous in the early twentieth century for her witty but cynical observations(มุมมองที่ลาดแต่เย้ยหยัน) on life”
41. a. for a women’s magazine ดูจาก “She got her first paying job as a writer in 1916 at the age of 23 when she began working for a woman’s magazine”
42. b. Repeated
43. b. 1926 ดูจาก “the poem “News Item,” which was published in the volume “Enough Rope” (1926).”
44. d. A well-known female author other than Dorothy Parkerโจทย์ถามว่าย่อหน้าที่มาก่อนบทความนี้น่าจะเป็นเรื่องเกี่ยวกับอะไร ดังนั้นเราก็ดูว่าบทความนี้เปิดเรื่องด้วยประโยคแนวไหน ก็จะทราบคำตอบ“The next famous woman writer to be considered is Dorothy Parker” ประโยคเปิดเรื่องแปลว่า “นักเขียนหญิงที่มีชื่อเสียงคนต่อไปที่เราจะพูดถึงคือ โดโรธี พาร์คเคอร์” ดังนั้นย่อหน้าก่อนนี้ ก็ควรจะพูดถึงนักเขียนหญิงคนอื่นๆ
45. c. Why Cold Deserts Occur เรื่องจะบอกว่าทะเลทรายน้ำแข็งนั้นเกิดขึ้นอย่างไร ก็เป็นเพราะว่าแม้จะมีน้ำ แต่ก็เอามาใช้ประโยชน์ไม่ได้เพราะเป็นน้ำแข็ง ถ้าละลายก็ละลายมากเกินไปและระบายไม่ได้ ต้นไม้ขึ้นไม่ได้ สุดท้ายก็คือทะเลทรายดีๆนั้นเอง
46. c. on the Arctic borders of the northern continents ดูจาก “Desert tundra, or cold desert, occurs on the Arctic edges of North America, Europe, and Asia.” Edge = Border
47. b. the frozen state of water คำถามถามว่าทำไมต้นไม้ถึงเติบโตไม่ได้ในช่วงเวลาส่วนมากของปี ข้อนี้หากอ่นไม่ดีอาจสับสนได้ เพราะสาเหตุที่ต้นไม้งอกไม่ได้ มี 2 สาเหตุ คือ 1.น้ำแข็ง 2. น้ำเหลวมีมากเกินและไม่ระบาย แต่ช่วงที่เป็นน้ำเหลวจะกินเวลาสั้นๆ ดูจาก “During the short period of time when the temperature increases enough for the ice to melt, there is generally a large volume of water.” ส่วนช่วงที่เป็นน้ำแข็งจะยาวนาน ดูจาก “The existence of ice rather than water for the majority of the year”
48. d.There is too much water.น้ำมีมากเกินไป แต่ใช้ประโยชน์ไม่ได้เลย
49. a. The land beneath the surface is still frozen. ดูจาก “This excess of water, coupled with a lack of drainage(= การระบาย) through the frozen subsoil(= ดินชั้นล่างที่เป็นน้ำแข็ง), does not allow vegetation to flourish.”
50. b. increase or decrease the amount of money availableหน้าที่ของธนาคารกลาง (Fed)คือการควบคุม พูดอีกอย่างก็คือ เพิ่มและลดจำนวนเงินคงคลังธนาคาร ดูจาก “Itis the role of the Federal Reserve, known simply as the Fed, to control the supply of money in the U.S.”ตัวเลือกข้ออื่นๆ เป็นเพียงวิธีการในการควบคุมเงินเท่านั้น
51. c. the reserve requirementโจทย์ถามว่าเมื่อ Fed ควบคุมเงินฝากที่มีอยู่ในมือของธนาคารสมาชิก เท่ากับว่า Fed กำลังคุมอะไร
เราก็ต้องดูว่า Fed ใช้กลไกอะไรในการคุมเงินของธนาคารสมาชิก ซึ่งคำตอบก็คือ reserve requirement ดูได้จาก “If the Fed wants to change the money supply, it can change reserve requirements to member banks; for example, an increase in the percentage of deposits required to be kept on hand would reduce the available money supply.”
52. a. an increase in the money supplyข้อนี้ยากเล็กน้อย เพราะต้องคิดกลับด้าน โจทย์ถามว่า “การปรับลดอัตราคิดลด(discount rate)จะนำไปสู่อะไร” ให้เราดูประโยคนี้ “An increase in the discount rate would reduce the funds available to commercial banks and thus shrink the money supply” ประโยคนี้บอกว่า “หากเพิ่มอัตราคิดลด เงินกองทุนจะลด” ดังนั้น “ถ้าลดอัตราคิดลด เงินกองทุนก็ต้องเพิ่ม”
53. d. open-market purchases and salesโจทย์ถามว่าย่อหน้าที่น่าจะได้อ่านต่อจากนี้ น่าจะเป็นเรื่องอะไร วิธีง่ายๆก็ให้ดูประโยคที่ทิ้งท้าย นั่นคือ“the Fed has an additional powerful tool: open-market operations.”
54. b. cooled โจทย์ถามว่าจะพบหมอกได้เมื่อความชื้นในอากาศเป็นอย่างไร ดูจาก “Fog occurs when damp air above the surface of the earth is cooled to the point at which it condenses.”
55. c. near bodies of water โจทย์ถามว่าจะเจอหมอกแบบ advection ได้ที่ไหน ดูจาก“advection fog occurs along(= near) the ocean coast or near rivers or lakes”
56. d. trapped moisture hanging over inland valleysโจทย์ถามว่าหมอกแบบ radiation เป็นอย่างไร ดูจาก “generally found hovering(ลอยนิ่ง ในที่นี้เทียบเท่ากับ trapped = ติดกับ)over wintertime valleys.”
57. c.Radiation fog occurs when the cooled atmosphere meets with heat from the earth.ข้อใดถูกต้องจากบทความ ดูจาก“Radiation fog, quite different from advection fog, is immobile cloud-like moisture….It occurs on clear nights when the earth’s warmth escapes into the upper atmosphere.”
58. a. explain the different types of fog – พูดถึงหมอกประเภทต่างๆทั้งการเกิด และสถานที่ที่พบ
