{"id":135,"date":"2024-01-10T13:46:38","date_gmt":"2024-01-10T06:46:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chulatutor.com\/blog\/?p=135"},"modified":"2024-05-22T11:28:25","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T04:28:25","slug":"examination-cu-tep-reading","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chulatutor.com\/blog\/examination-cu-tep-reading\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a CU-TEP Reading Comprehension"},"content":{"rendered":"Reading Time: <\/span> 2<\/span> minutes<\/span><\/span>

\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a CU-TEP\u00a0Reading Comprehension<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Test 1<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0It\u2019s an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that \u2026.1\u2026. evening you\u2019re burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, \u20262\u2026 are throwing the books at kids. Even elementary school students are complaining of homework \u2026.3\u2026\u2026 What\u2019s a well-meaning parent to do?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0As hard as it may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though you\u2019ve got to get them to do it, by helping too much, or even examining \u2026\u2026\u20264\u2026\u2026\u2026 too carefully, you may keep them from doing it by themselves. \u201cI wouldn\u2019t advise a parent to check every \u2026\u2026\u20265\u2026\u2026.. assignment,\u201d says psychologist, John Raymond, author Of Ending the Tough Homework. \u00a0\u201cThere\u2019s a \u2026\u2026\u20266\u2026\u2026\u2026 of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children \u2026\u2026\u20267\u2026\u2026.. the grade they deserve.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their \u2026\u2026..8\u2026\u2026.. but \u201cyou don\u2019t want them to feel it has to be \u2026\u2026..9\u2026\u2026\u2026,\u201d he says.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0That\u2019s not to say parents should \u2026\u2026\u202610\u2026\u2026.. homework \u2013 first, they should monitor how much homework their kids \u2026\u2026\u2026.11\u2026\u2026.. Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in \u2026\u2026\u202612\u2026\u2026.. four, five and six is standard, says Raymond. For junior-high students it should be \u201c\u2026.13\u2026.. more than an hour and a half,\u201d and two for high-school students. If your child \u2026.14\u2026. has more homework than this, you may want to check with other parents and then talk to the teacher about\u2026\u202615\u2026\u2026 assignment\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0very<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0exact<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0right<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0usual<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0officials<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0parents<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0experts<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0schools<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0fatigue<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0confusion<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0duty<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0puzzle<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0questions<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0answers<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0standards<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0rules<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0single<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0piece<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0page<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0other<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0drop<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0short<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0cut<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0lack<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0acquire<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0earn<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0gather<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0reach<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0exercises<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0defects<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0mistakes<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0tests<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0perfect<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0better<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0unusual<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0complete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0forget<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0refuse<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0miss<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0ignore<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0have<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0prepare<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0make<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0perform<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0classes<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0groups<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0grades<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0terms<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0about<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0no\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0much<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0few<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0previously<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0rarely<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0merely<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0consistently<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nA. \u00a0finishing<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nB. \u00a0lowering<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nC. \u00a0reducing<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nD. \u00a0declining<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Popular architecture in the United States in the beginning of the twentieth century paid respect to elaborately ornate historical motifs. The new skyscrapers sprouting up at the time were often ornately finished with elements of Gothic or Roman detailing.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0During this period of emphasis on intricate ornamentation, certain architects began moving in a different direction, from the historic attention to ornate detailing toward more modern design typified by simplified flowing lines. Frank Lloyd Wright, the best known of these early modern architects, started work in Chicago designing \u201cprairie houses,\u201d long low buildings featuring flowing horizontal lines and simplistic unity of design. These buildings were intended to fit the wide open expanses of Midwest plains that served as a setting for Chicago. These \u201cprairie houses,\u201d found in Chicago\u2019s suburban areas, served to tie the rapidly developing neighborhoods of Chicago with its plains heritage.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

16. \u00a0What is the main idea of this passage?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u00a0The architectural style of Frank Lloyd Wright represented a change from earlier styles.
\n(B) \u00a0Architecture in the twentieth century was very ornate.
\n(C) \u00a0Frank Lloyd Wright\u2019s architecture was more elaborate than previous styles.
\n(D) Frank Lloyd Wright\u2019s \u201cprairie houses\u201d were well-known in Chicago.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

17. According to the passage, the new skyscrapers built at the beginning of the twentieth century were<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) \u00a0elementary<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) \u00a0in a very modern style<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) \u00a0elaborately ornamented \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) \u00a0completely Gothic<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

18. Which of the following statements about Frank Lloyd Wright is supported in the passage?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u00a0He was extremely popular prior to the twentieth century.
\n(B) \u00a0He used elements of Gothic and Roman detailing in his work.
\n(C) \u00a0His architectural style can be seen in Chicago\u2019s skyscrapers.
\n(D) \u00a0His \u201cprairie houses\u201d were very different from the elaborately ornamented skyscrapers.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

19. The \u201cprairie houses\u201d built by Frank Lloyd Wright were<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) ornately detailed\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) \u00a0skyscrapers<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) \u00a0built in the Roman style<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) \u00a0long, flowing, and simple<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

20. According to the passage, how do Frank Lloyd Wright\u2019s \u201cprairie houses\u201d resemble the prairies around Chicago?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u00a0They were covered with grass.
\n(B) \u00a0They were rapidly developing.
\n(C) \u00a0They were long and low.
\n(D) \u00a0They were in Chicago.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0In the American colonies there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins and it did not allow the colonies to make their own coins, except for the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins. England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade: America was forced to trade only with England if it did not have the money to buy products from other countries. The result during this pre-revolutionary period was that the colonists used various goods in place of money: beaver pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used as substitutes for money. The colonists also made use of any foreign coins they could obtain. Dutch, Spanish, French, and English coins were all in use in the American colonies .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0During the Revolutionary War, funds were needed to finance the war, so each of the individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money. So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the war it was virtually worthless. As a result, trade in goods and the use of foreign coins still flourished .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>By the time the Revolutionary War had been won by the American colonists, the monetary system was in a state of total disarray. To remedy this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money. The individual states could no longer have their own money supply. A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official currency of the United States and put the country on a bimetallic standard. In this bimetallic system, both gold and silver were legal money, and the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

21.This passage mainly discusses<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) \u00a0American money from past to present
\n(B) \u00a0The English monetary policies in colonial America
\n(C) \u00a0The \u00a0effect of the Revolution on American money
\n(D) \u00a0The American monetary system of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

22.The passage indicates that during the colonial period, money was<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) supplied by England<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) scarce<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) coined freely by the colonists<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) used extensively for trade<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

23.The Massachusetts Bay Colony was allowed to make coins<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) continuously from the inception of the colony
\n(B) throughout the seventeenth century
\n(C) from 1652 until the Revolutionary War
\n(D) for a short time during one year<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

24.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a substitute for money during the colonial period?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) Wampum\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) Tobacco<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) Cotton<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) Beaver furs<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

25.According to the passage, what happened to the American monetary system during the Revolutionary War ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) The Continental Congress issued gold and silver coins.
\n(B) Individual states were not allowed to issue money.
\n(C) So much paper money was circulated that it lost its value.
\n(D) American money replaced trade in goods and foreign coins. \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

26.How was the monetary system arranged in the Constitution?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Only the U.S. Congress could issue money.
\n(B) The U.S. officially went on a bimetallic monetary system.
\n(C) Various state governments, including Massachusetts, could issue money.
\n(D) The dollar was made the official currency of the U.S.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

27.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the bimetallic monetary system?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Either gold or silver could be used as official money.
\n(B) Gold could be exchanged for silver at a rate of 16 to 1.
\n(C) The monetary system was based on two metals.
\n(D) It was established in 1792.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Louisa May Alcott, an American author best known for her children\u2019s books Little Women, Little Men, and Jo\u2019s Boys, was profoundly influenced by her family, particularly her father. She was the daughter of Bronson Alcott, a well-known teacher, intellectual, and free thinker who advocated abolitionism, women\u2019s rights, and vegetarianism long before they were popular. He was called a man of unparalleled intellect by his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson. Bronson Alcott instilled in his daughter his lofty and spiritual values and in return was idolized by his daughter. Louisa used her father as a model for the impractical yet serenely wise and adored father in Little Women, and with the success of this novel she was able to provide for her family, giving her father the financial security that until then he had never experienced .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

28. This passage mainly discusses<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Louisa May Alcott\u2019s famous books
\n(B) how Bronson Alcott implemented his educational philosophies
\n(C) the success of Little Women
\n(D) Bronson Alcott\u2019s influence on his daughter<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

29.The passage implies that vegetarianism<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) was more popular than abolitionism
\n(B) was the reason for Louisa\u2019s adoration for her father
\n(C) became popular in a later period
\n(D) was one of the reasons for Bronson Alcott\u2019s unparalleled intellect<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

30. In line 6, the word \u201clofty\u201d is closest in meaning to<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) commonplace<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) self-serving<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) high-minded<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) sympathetic<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

31. It can be inferred from the passage that Louisa May Alcott used the success of \u00a0Little Women to<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) buy herself anything she had ever wanted
\n(B) achieve personal financial security
\n(C) give her father tangible proof of her love
\n(D) detach herself from her family<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

32. The author\u2019s purpose in the passage is to<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) explain how an author becomes famous
\n(B) describe the influence of family on a writer
\n(C) support Bronson Alcott\u2019s educational theories
\n(D) show the success that can be achieved by an author<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>The brain of the average human weighs approximately 14 kilograms and consists of three main parts-the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. The cerebrum is by far the largest of the three parts, taking up 85% of the brain by weight. \u00a0The outside layer of the cerebrum, the cerebral cortex, is a grooved and bumpy surface covering the nerve cells beneath. The various sections of the cerebrum are the sensory cortex, which is responsible for receiving and decoding sensory messages from throughout the body; the motor cortex, which sends action instructions to the skeletal muscles; and the association \u00a0cortex, which receives, monitors, and processes information, It is in the association cortex that the processes that allow humans to think take place. The cerebellum, located below t he cerebrum in the back part of the skull, is the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It controls various body processes such as breathing and heartbeating .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

33. What is the author\u2019s main purpose ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) To describe the function of the parts of the brain
\n(B) To explain how the brain processes information
\n(C) To demonstrate the physical composition of the brain
\n(D) To give examples of human body functions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

34. The passage states that the most massive part of the brain is the\u2026..<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) cerebrum\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) cerebral cortex<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) cerebellum \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) brain stem<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

35. How does the passage describe the appearance of the cerebral cortex?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) As smooth<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) As a layer of the cerebellum<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) As 85% of the brain by weight\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) As ridged<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

36. According to the passage, which part of the brain analyzes information ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) The sensory cortex<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) The cerebellum<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) The association cortex<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) The brain stem<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

37. The sensory cortex\u2026\u2026.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) senses that messages should be sent out to the muscles
\n(B) provides a surface covering for nerve cells
\n(C) is where the human process of thinking occurs
\n(D) receives and processes information from the senses<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

38. Which of the following is true about the cerebellum?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) It is located above the cerebrum.
\n(B) It controls breathings.
\n(C) It is responsible for balance.
\n(D) It is the outside layer of the cerebrum.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

39. What shape does the brain stem most likely have?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) Small and round\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) Large and formless<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) Long and thin \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) Short and flat<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0The next famous woman writer to be considered is Dorothy Parker, an American poet, short story writer, and literary critic who became famous in the early twentieth century for her witty but cynical observations on life. She got her first paying job as a writer in 1916 at the age of 23 when she began working for a woman\u2019s magazine, and nine years later she became a contributor to The New Yorker as a book reviewer .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>In addition to her magazine work, she published volumes of poetry and short stories with the recurrent themes of disappointment with life and the loss of idealism. One of her most famous observations, \u201cMen seldom make passes at girls who wear glasses,\u201d came from the poem \u201cNews Item,\u201d which was published in the volume \u201cEnough Rope\u201d (1926). This volume of poetry was followed by \u201cSunset Gin\u201d (1928), \u201cDeath and Taxes\u201d (1931), and a collection of short stories \u201cHere Lies\u201d (1939) .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

40. According to the passage, Dorothy Parker as NOT famous for\u2026\u2026.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) poetry\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) book reviews<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) humor\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) autobiography<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

41. Dorothy Parker\u2019s first job was\u2026\u2026..<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) for a women\u2019s magazine \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) for The New Yorker<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) as a literary critic\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) as a short story writer<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

42. In line 7, the word \u201crecurrent\u201d could best be replaced by which of the following ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) Related\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) Flowing<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) Repeated \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) Negative<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

43. In what year did \u201cNews Item\u201d appear ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
(A) 1916\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(C) 1928<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(B) 1926<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n(D) 1931\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

44. With what topic does the paragraph preceding the passage most likely deal ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Dorothy Parker\u2019s early childhood
\n(B) American literature of the nineteenth century
\n(C) An introduction to literary criticism
\n(D) A well-known female author other than Dorothy Parker<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Desert tundra, or cold desert, occurs on the Arctic edges of North America, Europe, and Asia. In these areas the near eternal freezing temperatures cause an environment in which plant life is virtually impossible. \u00a0The existence of ice rather than water for the majority of the year means that vegetation lacks sufficient moisture for growth. During the short period of time when the temperature increases enough for the ice to melt, there is generally a large volume of water. This excess of water, coupled with a lack of drainage through the frozen subsoil, does not allow vegetation to flourish .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

45. What would be the most appropriate title for the passage ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Dorothy Parker\u2019s early childhood
\n(B) The Weather in the Arctic
\n(C) Why Cold Deserts Occur
\n(D) The Variety of Plant Life in Desert Tundra<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

46. According to the passage, desert tundra in found<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) throughout North America, Europe, and Asia
\n(B) in Antarctica
\n(C) on the Arctic borders of the northern continents
\n(D) at the North Pole<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

47. According to the passage, what makes plant life almost impossible in areas of desert tundra during most of the year ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Excessive water on the plants
\n(B) The frozen state of the water
\n(C) The increase in temperature
\n(D) The lack of ice<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

48. What would be the most appropriate title for the passage ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Plants can flourish.
\n(B) Vegetation lacks sufficient moisture.
\n(C) The days become shorter.
\n(D) There is too much water.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

49. According to the passage, why can\u2019t the water drain after it melts ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) The land beneath the surface is still frozen.
\n(B) The temperature is too high.
\n(C) The period of time is too short.
\n(D) The vegetation is flourishing.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>It is the role of the Federal Reserve, known simply as the Fed, to control the supply of money in the U.S. through its system of twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks, each with its own Federal Reserve District Bank. Many commercial banks belong to the Federal Reserve System and as members must follow the Fed\u2019s reserve requirements, a ruling by the Fed on the percentage of deposits that a member bank must keep either in its own vaults or on deposit at the Fed. If the Fed wants to change the money supply, it can change reserve requirements to member banks; for example, an increase in the percentage of deposits required to be kept on hand would reduce the available money supply. Member banks can also borrow money from the Fed, and an additional way that the Fed can control the money supply is to raise or lower the discount rate, the interest rate at which commercial banks borrow from the Fed. An increase in the discount rate would reduce the funds available to commercial banks and thus shrink the money supply, the Fed has an additional powerful tool: open-market operations.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

50. According to the passage, the main purpose of the Federal Reserve System is to<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) increase reserve requirements
\n(B) increase or decrease the amount of money available
\n(C) increase the number of Federal Reserve Banks
\n(D) increase the money kept on deposit by member banks<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

51. When the Fed controls the percentage of deposits kept on hand by member banks.It controls \u2026.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) district banks
\n(B) the discount rate
\n(C) the reserve requirement
\n(D) borrowing by commercial banks<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

52. The passage implies that a lowering of the discount rate would lead to<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) an increase in the money supply
\n(B) a decrease in borrowing from the Fed by commercial banks
\n(C) a decrease in the money available
\n(D) an increase in the reserve requirement<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

53. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) the need for controlling the money supply
\n(B) the structure of the Federal Reserve System
\n(C) recent changes in reserve requirements
\n(D) open-market purchases and sales<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Fog occurs when damp air above the surface of the earth is cooled to the point at which it condenses .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>Of the two types of fog, advection fog occurs along the ocean coast or near rivers or lakes. This type of fast-moving fog, which may cover vast areas, occurs when warm winds blow across a cold surface of land or water. In this collision of heat and cold, the warm air is cooled to the point at which the water vapor condenses into fog. Radiation fog, quite different from advection fog, is immobile cloud-like moisture generally found hovering over wintertime valleys. It occurs on clear nights when the earth\u2019s warmth escapes into the upper atmosphere .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

54. According to the passage, fog is found when wetness in the air is<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) vaporized
\n(B) dampened
\n(C) cooled
\n(D) heated<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

55. According to the passage, advection fog is found<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) in \u00a0valleys
\n(B) in the ocean
\n(C) near bodies of water
\n(D) only in small, enclosed areas<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

56. In the passage, radiation fog is said to be<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) similar to advection fog
\n(B) found in coastal areas
\n(C) fast-moving
\n(D) trapped moisture hanging over inland valleys<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

57. According to the passage, which of the following statements about fog is true ?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Advection fog is caused when cold winds blow across a heated land surface.
\n(B) Advection fog is the type of fog that occurs in small valleys on clear nights.
\n(C) Radiation fog occurs when the cooled atmosphere meets with heat from the earth.
\n(D) Radiation fog generally moves quickly across vast areas of land.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

58. The author\u2019s purpose in this passage is to<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) explain the different types of fog
\n(B) describe where different types of fog are found
\n(C) discuss advection fog
\n(D) give a scientific description of various types of precipitation<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0e40\u0e09\u0e25\u0e22 CU-TEP reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cloze Test<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u00a0 a. very \u2014 very evening = \u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e22\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07<\/span><\/span>
\n2. \u00a0 b. school \u2014 \u0e42\u0e23\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19 (\u0e42\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e01<\/span><\/span>
\n3. \u00a0 c. duty \u2014 \u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19 (homeworkduty)<\/span><\/span>
\n4. \u00a0 b. answers \u2013\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e04\u0e33\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07<\/span><\/span>
\n5. \u00a0 a. single \u2014 single \u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u201c\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u201d single assignment \u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e40\u0e19\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e14\u0e39\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e46<\/span><\/span>
\n6. \u00a0 a. drop \u2014 drop of appreciation \u0e40\u0e23\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07 \u0e23\u0e2a\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e0b\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e08 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e01\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01<\/span><\/span>
\n7. \u00a0 b. earn \u2014 \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e01\u0e23\u0e14 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19<\/span><\/span>
\n8. \u00a0 c. mistake \u2014 \u0e1e\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e27\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14( mistake)\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48<\/span><\/span>
\n9. \u00a0 a. perfect \u2013\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e36\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a<\/span><\/span>
\n10. \u00a0d. ignore \u2014 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01<\/span><\/span>
\n11. \u00a0a. have \u2013\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e14\u0e39\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e48<\/span><\/span>
\n12. \u00a0c. grade \u2013grade four = \u0e1b.4<\/span><\/span>
\n13. \u00a0b. no \u2014 \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e31\u0e18\u0e22\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e191 \u0e0a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e42\u0e21\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 (no more than)<\/span><\/span>
\n14. \u00a0d. consistently \u2014 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e46<\/span><\/span>
\n15. \u00a0c. reducing\u2013 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e38\u0e22\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e23\u0e39\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19 Reading Comprehension<\/span><\/span>
\n16. \u00a0a. The architectural style of Frank Lloyd Wright represented a change from earlier styles.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27\u0e1e\u0e39\u0e14\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e15\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e28\u0e15\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e29\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 20 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e22\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e39\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e07\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e22\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1f\u0e23\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c
\n\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d b \u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30 \u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e28\u0e15\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e29\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 20 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e39 (ornate)\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e07\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1f\u0e23\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c
\n\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d c \u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30 \u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1f\u0e23\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e22\u0e14 (elaborate)\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e15\u0e25\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e01\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e07\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e22\u0e14\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32
\n\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d d \u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30 \u0e41\u0e04\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

17. \u00a0b. elaborately ornamented \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cThe new skyscrapers sprouting up at the time were often ornately finished with elements of Gothic or Roman detailing.\u201d \u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e15\u0e36\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e01\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e39\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e15\u0e25\u0e4c\u0e14\u0e01\u0e18\u0e34\u0e04 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e47\u0e42\u0e23\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19<\/span><\/span>
\n18. \u00a0d. His \u201cprairie houses\u201d were very different from the elaborately ornamented skyscrapers.\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e19\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30 prairies house \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e07\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e15\u0e36\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e39\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e32<\/span><\/span>
\n19. \u00a0d. long, flowing, and simple\u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cFrank Lloyd Wright, the best known of these early modern architects, started work in Chicago designing \u201cprairie houses,\u201d long low buildings featuring flowing horizontal lines and simplistic unity of design.\u201d
\n\u0e41\u0e1f\u0e23\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c \u0e25\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e14\u0e4c \u0e44\u0e23\u0e17\u0e4c \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e34\u0e01\u0e22\u0e38\u0e04\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e31\u0e22\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e40\u0e02\u0e32\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e17\u0e33\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e04\u0e32\u0e42\u0e01\u0e49 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a prairie houses \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e15\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22 \u0e22\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e07\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e<\/span><\/span>
\n20. \u00a0c.they were long and low \u2013\u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cThese buildings were intended to fit the wide open expanses of Midwest plains that served as a setting for Chicago.\u201d \u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e08\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e27\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a Midwest \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e09\u0e32\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e04\u0e32\u0e42\u0e01\u0e49<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

21. \u00a0d. The American monetary system of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e35 1652 (\u0e28\u0e15\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e29\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 17) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e35 1789 (\u0e28\u0e15\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e29\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 18)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

22. \u00a0c. scarce\u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cIn the American colonies there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins and it did not allow the colonies to make their own coins.\u201d \u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e21\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32 \u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22 \u0e2d\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e0d\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e21 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e0d\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

23. \u00a0d. for a short time during one year \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cthe Massachusetts Bay Colony, which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins.\u201d \u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e19\u0e34\u0e04\u0e21 Massachusetts Bay \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e0d\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e20\u0e17\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e46\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e35 1652<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

24. \u00a0b. cotton \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cbeaver pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used as substitutes for money.\u201d \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35 cotton<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

25. \u00a0c. So much paper money was circulated that it lost its value.\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e08\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 2 \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e39\u0e14\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34 \u0e43\u0e08\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e35\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u201c\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e21\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e46\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e08\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e18\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e18\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e08\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e0d\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e0d\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e07\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

26. \u00a0a. Only the U.S. Congress could issue money \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cConstitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed only Congress to issue money.\u201d \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a Coinage Act(\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e1a. \u0e40\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e0d\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e13\u0e4c) \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e39\u0e14\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e30\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e0d \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

27. \u00a0b. Gold could be exchanged for silver at a rate of 16 to 1 \u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19 1 \u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d 16 \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cthe rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

28. \u00a0d. Bronson Alcott\u2019s influence on his daughter\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e39\u0e14\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e15\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e04\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e19\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19
\n\u201cLouisa May Alcott, an American author best known for her children\u2019s books Little Women, Little Men, and Jo\u2019s Boys, was profoundly influenced by her family, particularly her father.\u201d
\n\u201cBronson Alcott instilled in his daughter his lofty and spiritual values and in return was idolized by his daughter.\u201d
\n\u201cLouisa used her father as a model for the impractical yet serenely wise and adored father in Little Women.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

29. \u00a0c. became popular in a later period \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cShe was the daughter of Bronson Alcott, a well-known teacher, intellectual, and free thinker who advocated abolitionism, women\u2019s rights, and vegetarianism long before they were popular.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

30. \u00a0b. high-minded \u2014 lofty \u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

31. \u00a0c. give her father tangible proof of her love\u0e04\u0e33\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 tangible = \u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49
\n\u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cwith the success of this novel she was able to provide for her family, giving her father the financial security that until then he had never experienced.\u201d \u0e40\u0e18\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e31\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e07\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e04\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22(\u0e04\u0e33\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 experience= \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e18\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 tangible \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

32. \u00a0b. describe the influence of family on a writer \u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e15\u0e14\u0e35\u0e46 \u0e04\u0e33\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d 28 \u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32\u0e08\u0e36\u0e07\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

33. \u00a0a. To describe the function of the parts of the brain \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e23 \u201cThe brain of the average human weighs approximately 14 kilograms and consists of three main parts-the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

34. \u00a0a. cerebrum\u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u201cThe cerebrum is by far the largest of the three parts\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

35. \u00a0d. As ridged = \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e01\u0e46 \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cthe cerebral cortex, is a grooved and bumpy(= ridged) surface\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

36. \u00a0b. The association cortex \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cand the association cortex, which receives, monitors, and processes information.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

37. \u00a0d. receives and processes information from the senses\u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201csensory cortex, which is responsible for receiving and decoding sensory messages from throughout the body\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

38. \u00a0c. It is located above the cerebrum.\u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201ccerebellum, located below the cerebrum in the back part of the skull\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

39. \u00a0b. long and thin \u2014 brain stem = \u0e01\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e22\u0e32\u0e27\u0e46\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e46<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

40. \u00a0d. humor \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cwho became famous in the early twentieth century for her witty but cynical observations(\u0e21\u0e38\u0e21\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e22\u0e49\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e19) on life\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

41. \u00a0a. for a women\u2019s magazine \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cShe got her first paying job as a writer in 1916 at the age of 23 when she began working for a woman\u2019s magazine\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

42. \u00a0b. Repeated<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

43. \u00a0b. 1926 \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cthe poem \u201cNews Item,\u201d which was published in the volume \u201cEnough Rope\u201d (1926).\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

44. \u00a0d. A well-known female author other than Dorothy Parker\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23 \u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e39\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e04\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u201cThe next famous woman writer to be considered is Dorothy Parker\u201d \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e04\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u201c\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e34\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e39\u0e14\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e42\u0e14\u0e42\u0e23\u0e18\u0e35 \u0e1e\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e04\u0e40\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e4c\u201d \u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e39\u0e14\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e34\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e46<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

45. \u00a0c. Why Cold Deserts Occur \u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e41\u0e02\u0e47\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e23 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e41\u0e21\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e47\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e41\u0e02\u0e47\u0e07 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e49\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e14\u0e35\u0e46\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

46. \u00a0c. on the Arctic borders of the northern continents \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cDesert tundra, or cold desert, occurs on the Arctic edges of North America, Europe, and Asia.\u201d Edge = Border<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

47. \u00a0b. the frozen state of water \u0e04\u0e33\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e33\u0e44\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e49\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e15\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e48\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e21\u0e35 2 \u0e2a\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d 1.\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e41\u0e02\u0e47\u0e07 2. \u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e27\u0e21\u0e35\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e27\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e46 \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cDuring the short period of time when the temperature increases enough for the ice to melt, there is generally a large volume of water.\u201d \u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e41\u0e02\u0e47\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e22\u0e32\u0e27\u0e19\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cThe existence of ice rather than water for the majority of the year\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

48. \u00a0d.There is too much water.\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e21\u0e35\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

49. \u00a0a. The land beneath the surface is still frozen. \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cThis excess of water, coupled with a lack of drainage(= \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e22) through the frozen subsoil(= \u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e41\u0e02\u0e47\u0e07), does not allow vegetation to flourish.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

50. \u00a0b. increase or decrease the amount of money available\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e25\u0e32\u0e07 (Fed)\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21 \u0e1e\u0e39\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e47\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e07\u0e04\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cItis the role of the Federal Reserve, known simply as the Fed, to control the supply of money in the U.S.\u201d\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e46 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

51. \u00a0c. the reserve requirement\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d Fed \u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e01 \u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 Fed \u0e01\u0e33\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23
\n\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e47\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e14\u0e39\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 Fed \u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e01\u0e25\u0e44\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e01 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e47\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d reserve requirement \u0e14\u0e39\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cIf the Fed wants to change the money supply, it can change reserve requirements to member banks; for example, an increase in the percentage of deposits required to be kept on hand would reduce the available money supply.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

52. \u00a0a. an increase in the money supply\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e25\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u201c\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e25\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25\u0e14(discount rate)\u0e08\u0e30\u0e19\u0e33\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23\u201d \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32\u0e14\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e04\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u201cAn increase in the discount rate would reduce the funds available to commercial banks and thus shrink the money supply\u201d \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e04\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u201c\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25\u0e14 \u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e25\u0e14\u201d \u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u201c\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e25\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25\u0e14 \u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

53. \u00a0d. open-market purchases and sales\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23 \u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e07\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e46\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e14\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e04\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e34\u0e49\u0e07\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e19\u0e31\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u201cthe Fed has an additional powerful tool: open-market operations.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

54. \u00a0b. cooled \u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e23 \u00a0\u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cFog occurs when damp air above the surface of the earth is cooled to the point at which it condenses.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

55. \u00a0c. near bodies of water \u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e08\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a advection \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e19 \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u201cadvection fog occurs along(= near) the ocean coast or near rivers or lakes\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

56. \u00a0d. trapped moisture hanging over inland valleys\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a radiation \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e23 \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01 \u201cgenerally found hovering(\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e19\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e40\u0e17\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a trapped = \u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a)over wintertime valleys.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

57. \u00a0c.Radiation fog occurs when the cooled atmosphere meets with heat from the earth.\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e14\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e14\u0e39\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u201cRadiation fog, quite different from advection fog, is immobile cloud-like moisture\u2026.It occurs on clear nights when the earth\u2019s warmth escapes into the upper atmosphere.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

58. \u00a0a. explain the different types of fog \u2013 \u0e1e\u0e39\u0e14\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e20\u0e17\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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